This quick guide explains ICAR’s unique training approach – and how it helps investigators, prosecutors, members of the judiciary and Financial Intelligence Units in partner countries gain investigative skills quickly and effectively.
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Sophisticated and complex financial crimes span the globe. “Following the trail of the money” can involve many jurisdictions, each with their own laws and practices, and varying capacity or willingness to cooperate internationally.Fighting corruption and money laundering, and recovering criminal proceeds, are therefore complex challenges. Specialised legal, financial accounting, analytical and investigation skills are essential.
Phyllis Atkinson, Head of Training at the Basel Institute’s International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR), explains ICAR’s unique training approach – and how it helps investigators, prosecutors, members of the judiciary and Financial Intelligence Units in partner countries gain these investigative skills quickly and effectively.
First, what exactly is a financial investigation?
Basically, it is an enquiry into the financial affairs related to a criminal activity. One of the main aims is to identify and trace the proceeds of the crime. It can also be used to develop evidence for use in criminal proceedings.
A “parallel financial investigation” means a financial investigation that takes place alongside a (traditional) criminal investigation into money laundering, terrorist financing and/or related offences.
ICAR’s training team has delivered practical, interactive and highly customised training programmes in financial investigation and asset recovery to public authorities in partner countries for over 10 years.
The programmes are designed to enhance skills to analyse, investigate and prosecute complex corruption offences, financial crime and money laundering cases, and to recover criminal proceeds. Building capacity and knowledge in partner countries increases their autonomy in fighting financial crime and money laundering, as well as in recovering stolen assets.
An additional benefit is improved inter-agency collaboration in cases of corruption, money laundering and asset recovery. We regularly hold training programmes for mixed groups of representatives of various law enforcement agencies in a country or region.
ICAR programmes balance hands-on exercises with interactive learning methods. Through lectures, workshops and country-specific practical exercises, participants are taken from the basics to an advanced level of financial investigative techniques and asset tracing.
The centrepiece is a complex simulated investigation that replicates the real world as closely as possible. Participants learn how to unravel the web of deceptive financial transactions. This enables investigators to find their way through the murky world of international banking transactions, offshore shell companies, financial centres and nominees.
The participants work in small teams and make independent decisions on investigative actions. These might be surveillance, search warrants, interviewing hostile witnesses and tracking the proceeds of large- scale corruption across international borders.
Group discussions focus on key topical areas, identify problems that have occurred in actual cases, arrive at potential solutions and compare international standards to their country-specific issues.
The simulated case involves analysing large volumes of data, gathering and assembling evidence for use in court, and establishing a basis for the confiscation of assets. This practical exercise incorporates country-specific laws, commercial and banking records and enforcement procedures, making it directly useful to participants’ everyday work.
The participants learn how to employ criminal investigative techniques to identify relevant witnesses and evidence, and use software for some of the financial analysis.
Like a real case, in fact. Here’s a simplified example using a fictitious country, Turania, and a fictitious company, Fero Gold.
In return for lucrative mining contracts in Turania, a company called Fero Gold paid large bribes to public officials. A direct transfer from Fero Gold to these officials would be suspicious, so Fero Gold used a middle-man.
This middle-man was insulated from the company and the officials in Turania by two shell companies with nominee directors and shareholders. The financial flows between each link in the chain are disguised as payments for “consultancy” and “marketing” services.
To prove that a corrupt agreement has been struck, investigating authorities have to follow each link in the chain across different jurisdictions to prove that these “independent” parties are, in fact, all part of the same criminal enterprise.
Designed to be delivered in person, ICAR’s tailored training programmes are hands-on and heavily based on interactive group tasks. The approach is aimed at helping participants from different disciplines and agencies learn not only new skills but also how to work together better in real life.
This is extremely difficult to replicate in the online space, especially in contexts with less-than-perfect IT equipment and connectivity.
However, despite the challenges of replicating this kind of practical work online, the ICAR trainers have successfully taken the first of its modules online and also succeeded in forming virtual breakout groups of practitioners from various agencies and countries.